Gardener's diaryさんより
レミングは集団自殺しない
レミングの個体数は4〜5年周期で変動することが知られています。
その理由として、エサを確保出来ないほど個体数が増えると、群れの個体数を調整するために集団自殺するという話で説明されることがよくあります。
しかし、これはDisneyによる捏造が原因で広まった話のようです。
1958年のDisneyの自然ドキュメンタリー"White Wilderness"にレミングが崖から飛び降りる映像が収録されていたそうです。
snopes.comによると、撮影されたのはカナダのアルバータであり、レミングの繁殖地ではなく、映画の制作者たちは、イヌイットの子供からレミングを買って撮影したそうです。
雪で覆われた回転台の上に載せて、様々な角度から撮影し"移住"している様を撮影し、その後、崖の上から飛び込ませたそうです。
本当ならなんともひどい話ですが…
・では、レミングの個体数はなぜ大きく変動するのでしょうか?
2003年のScienceに論文がありました。
15年間にわたる個体数を分析した成果だそうです。
Cyclic dynamics in a simple vertebrate predator-prey community.
Gilg O, Hanski I, Sittler B.; Science. 2003 Oct 31;302(5646):866-8.
abstractの要約です。
グリーンランドに住むクビワレミングの個体数は、4種の捕食動物の影響で、周期的な変動をしていることがわかりました。大量発生時には元の数の100〜1000倍にも増えるそうです。
レミングの大量発生と激減に関与しているのは、オコジョです。オコジョはレミングだけを餌にしています。
他の3種(ホッキョクギツネ、シロフクロウ、シロハラトウゾクカモメ)はレミングも餌にしますが、他の餌も食べています。
統計調査の結果、オコジョの数は、レミングの個体数が激減した1年後に減少することがわかりました。
他の3種の捕食動物は、レミングの激減に影響を受けますが、減少の度合いは小さいそうです。レミングの代わりに他の餌を探すためです。
個人的にショックを受けたので紹介してみました。
おかしな生態だとは思ってましたが、ずっと信じてたので…。
- reference
Radium Software Development
snopes.com: White Wilderness
- via
Gardener's diary: レミングは集団自殺しない
- image
en.wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Lemming.jpg
(available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License)


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